Preface
Painting is the most basic technical means used for surface protection and decoration of products. Painting the living cover all sectors of the national economy. At present, the vicious development trend of painting hazards in China has been curbed, but the occupational hazards are still serious, Fire accidents are very serious, and environmental pollution is serious. Painting technology has made considerable progress, but there is still a considerable proportion of backward technology; protection engineering technology has made great progress, but the overall safety level needs to be improved urgently. Occupational hazards of painting should be highly valued by specific departments, and necessary measures should be taken to pay attention to them.
Since the 1980s, China has started the standardization of painting safety. The standards that have been issued are: GB/T14441 Terminology, GB7691 Labor Safety and Labor Health Management (revised, under approval), GB7692 Safety and Ventilation Purification of Pre-painting Processes (revised, combined with GB7692 and 7693), GB6514 Safety and Ventilation Purification of Painting Processes (revised, combined with GB6514 and 6515), GB12367 Electrostatic Painter Sprayer. Art Safety, GB15607″Safety of Powder Electrostatic Spraying Process”, GB17750″Safety of Dipping Process”, GB14444″Safety Technical Regulations for Spraying Room”, GB14443″Safety Technical Regulations for Coating Drying Room”, GB14773″Safety Technical Conditions for Electrostatic Spraying Gun and Its Auxiliary Devices”, GB12942″Safety Technical Requirements for Operation in Limited Space”And other 11 national standards. The basic points of the standard system are summarized as follows.
2. Restricting and eliminated paint products and painting processes that seriously endanger people’s safety and health
– Actively promote coatings and painting processes conducive to human safety and health;
– Prohibit the use of benzene-containing coatings, diluents and solvents; prohibit the use of lead-white coatings; restrict the use of red-dan coatings; prohibit the use of shop primers containing benzene, mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, antimony And chromate;
It is strictly forbidden to use benzene in the pretreatment process, to use flame method for removing old paint, to use toluene, xylene and gasoline in large area for removing oil and old paint, and to use dry sand blasting for rust removal.
When GB7691 is revised, the scope of restriction and elimination will be further increased and expanded:
– increasing the use of lead-white coatings from prohibition to prohibition; increasing the use of dry sandblasting rust removal from restriction to prohibition; adding new restrictions on the use of cleaning fluids containing dichloroethane; and restricting the use of cleaning fluids containing chromate;
3. Chemicals management for coatings, metal cleaning fluids and chemical treatment of Huaihe River
Implementation of the 1990 Chemical Convention of the International Labour Organization for chemicals used in painting operations.
Coatings and related chemicals production units shall register, evaluate and determine the hazards of chemicals.
Coatings and related chemicals must provide labels, packaging and Safety specifications that meet the requirements.
All economics (production, operation, transportation, storage and use) should abide by the relevant regulations.
Imported coatings and related chemicals must provide Chinese safety technical instructions with Chinese labels.
4. Reasonable Selection and Layout of Technological Routes
Choose coating technology and coatings that are conducive to human safety and health.
Correctly arrange the technological route and adopt necessary isolation and spacer facilities.
Spraying rooms should not be used alternately for spraying and drying unless specific conditions are met.
The leveling area and paint dripping area must have local ventilation and paint collecting devices.
5. Engineering design must meet the requirements of safety, hygiene, fire protection and environmental protection.
Workshop layout should not endanger the environment and other production operations.
The painting workplaces should be arranged on the top floor or side span.
Fire classification is determined according to the flash point of the coatings used, and it conforms to the relevant regulations of fire resistance grade, fire spacing, fire partition, explosion-proof and safe evacuation of the workshop.
The selection of building structures, components and materials should meet the requirements of fire and explosion protection.
6. Rationally dividing and controlling dangerous areas separately
– The flammable and flammable vapor, the light of the flammable and flammable vapor, and the flammable and flammable vapor, and the flammable and flammable vapor, the electrical equipment should not be listed generally. Necessary.
Electrical explosion-proof areas where explosive vapor, paint mist, dust and other mixtures may occur (including only for a short time) should be classified as highly dangerous areas and electric sparks should be strictly controlled.
– Medium-risk areas. Fire hazard zones that are extremely prone to burning should be classified as medium hazard zones, and the stocks of flammable materials and possible sources of open fire should be strictly controlled.
Mild dangerous area. Fire-prone factories or designated spaces for painting operations shall be classified as mildly dangerous areas, and all open fires shall be prohibited and foreign fires shall be prevented from entering.
7. Important Control of Electrical Safety
The selection, design, installation and acceptance of electrical systems must include equipment, lines and their connections, fastening, brackets, lamp holders and Other exception facilities. No exceptions are allowed to ensure the overall safety of the electrical system.
Correctly implement grounding zero and anti-static grounding.
Take appropriate lightning protection measures.
8. Technical measures for ventilation protection must be taken
Local ventilation should be given priority to, supplemented by comprehensive ventilation.
In order to protect the health of personnel, a reasonable ventilation system (such as wind speed, air distribution, exhaust method, suppression, etc.) must be selected in the operation area.
For the ventilated enclosed space, it is necessary to select reasonable (concentration calculation, temperature control, pressure relief, prevention of paint deposit and other technologies) to ensure that the ventilation system achieves the purpose of ensuring safety.
Reasonable selection and arrangement of fans, pipes and their connection and fixing, and necessary measures such as concentration detection, temperature control and electrical grounding are adopted to make the ventilation system in a safe, stable and economic operation state.
9. Health protection measures must be taken
The harmful factors (temperature, humidity, noise, lighting, etc.) in the operation area must conform to the national standards.
Determine the level of hygienic characteristics, provide necessary hygienic auxiliary rooms, and allocate emergency hygienic facilities.
Carry out occupational health examination and periodic detection of harmful factors.
10. Strict control of safety performance of equipment
The equipment should have reasonable structure, sufficient strength, rigidity, proper material and connection for easy operation, maintenance and cleaning.
The equipment should also have essential elements to control instruments, safety devices and technical measures; to limit overload and overvoltage safety devices; to control surface temperature of equipment in dangerous areas; to control ignition energy, spark discharge safety distance, high voltage shielding; Withstand pressure and air tightness of pressure devices; and to take emergency safety technical measures.
In addition, it includes: conforming product brands (including specific items), inspection certificates and use instructions (including safety content).
11. Configuration of interlocking and alarm devices for disaster prevention and expansion
Interlocking device for controlling misoperation: misoperation of acoustooptic signal device; power interlocking device for operating operation and manual operation; interlocking device for operation and ventilation system.
Interlocking device for controlling equipment failure: interlocking and cutting device for power supply, paint supply and ventilation device; interlocking device for ventilation and workpiece conveying system.
– Fire alarm and interlocking devices: temperature and concentration control alarm devices; fire information alarm and power, workpiece conveying and fire extinguishing systems interlocking devices; paint pressure conveying systems and alarm devices, fire extinguishing systems interlocking devices under specific conditions.
Interlocking device to prevent explosion transmission inside the system.
12. Pay attention to the safety performance of workpiece conveying system in the painting pipeline
Workpiece conveying system should be matched with process, with reasonable circuit and smooth operation.
Proper spacing between workpieces to prevent collision.
The hanger is designed reasonably to prevent the workpiece from falling off.
Necessary grounding and anti-static measures should be taken.
Measures to prevent external corrosion of hangers.
13. Controlling the Storage and Transportation of Coatings on Site
Set up a special paint room.
Limit the chemical stock of paint on site.
Pipeline layout, material and connection, paint flow rate and paint supplement must be within the scope of safety control.
– Strictly restrict the use of pressure-conveying coating processes unless specific conditions are met.
14. Necessary purification facilities
Purifications for organic solvents and industrial wastewater (including heavy metals in water) should be statistically selected according to different processes and discharge characteristics, quantity and characteristics, and safety performance of purification facilities should be strictly controlled.
Factory boundary noise should meet environmental protection standards.
15. Emphasis on personnel control links in ergonomic system safety
– Safety technical training for painting design, process and operators.
Establish rules and regulations for safe operation, equipment maintenance and on-site management.
Monitor, regularly inspect, maintain and adjust equipment.
Establish safety devices, protective devices, safety signs and provide reasonable protective equipment for operators.
16. Special Environmental Operations and Protection of Special Groups
The relevant safety and technical conditions such as ventilation, monitoring, explosion detection and ignition should be strictly enforced in limited space.
– The taboo system of the scope of work is applied to women.
Minors are prohibited from engaging in toxic and dusty work.
17.
Coatings of a comprehensive, wide-ranging and highly technical standard system. Only 51 national and industrial standards, such as fire control, electrical, industrial hygiene, chemicals, environmental protection, labor safety and inspection methods, are cited in the standard. Qualitative and quantitative technical requirements should also be consulted in the standard text.
